> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.lumia.org/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.lumia.org/ecosystem/lumia/chain-security/oracles-and-attestation.md).

# Oracles and attestation

**Who this is for:** developers and asset issuers who need on-chain data or claims to be trusted: whether that's a price feed for a DeFi integration or a claim that a tokenized asset is actually backed by what it says it's backed by.

These get grouped under Chain Security because both are ways external truth gets represented on-chain, and both can fail in ways that look identical from inside a smart contract (a number that turns out to be wrong) while having completely different causes and completely different fixes.

## Two different trust problems

* **Price oracles** answer "what is the current market price of X?": a continuously-updating, objectively-checkable number sourced from markets.
* **Attestation** answers "does this claim about an off-chain fact hold?": for example, "does a custodian actually hold the reserves backing this token?" This is not a market price; it's a claim about the real world that has to be verified by someone (an auditor, a custodian, an oracle network acting as an attester) and then represented on-chain.

Conflating the two is a real failure mode for RWA-style applications: a price feed being live and accurate says nothing about whether the underlying asset is solvent, and a solvency attestation being current says nothing about the asset's market price. 

```mermaid
graph TD
Q1["Market price?"] --> OR["Price oracle"]
Q2["Claim true?"] --> AT["Attestation"]
OR --> CON["A number on-chain"]
AT --> CON
CON --> F["Same failure:<br/>a wrong number"]
```

## Where the rest of this lives

This section covers the concepts only. For hands-on integration:

* Oracle provider integration guides (API3, Supra, commodity feeds, and others) are in [Build → Oracles](file:///build/oracles/Read-data-feeds-with-API3.md).
* The provider index, listing which oracle networks are available on Lumia, is at [`/ecosystem/oracles`](file:///ecosystem/Oracle-providers.md).
* Where attestation fits into an asset's life cycle as an issuer task is covered in [Tokenize → Attest](file:///tokenize/lifecycle/Stage-2-Attest.md).

<table data-view="cards"><thead><tr><th></th><th></th><th data-hidden data-card-target data-type="content-ref"></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Attestation models</strong></td><td>The three common ways an off-chain claim about an asset gets verified and represented on-chain, and who typically performs each.</td><td><a href="broken://pages/b9d4943fa23cb968fdc4838541caf6297bc9e84e">Broken link</a></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Price feeds vs. reserve attestation</strong></td><td>Why a live price feed and a current reserve attestation answer different questions, and why one being current says nothing about the other.</td><td><a href="broken://pages/ec913a4cbcb881e42dbdf16065619ccb78ac85f8">Broken link</a></td></tr></tbody></table>